Vineyard at sunset in autumn harvest.

Understanding AVA: Single-Vineyard

Single-Vineyard Wine. The highlight of a site’s terroir, climate, and soils, on full display in the truest expression, carried only by the finest fruit to deliver the sum total of what that one unique place on the planet Earth has to offer.  No other place on the planet…

Panorama of Howell Mountain, Napa Valley wine country in autumn. Sun and clouds at a Napa, California vineyard with mountains, valleys and lake.

Understanding AVA: 85% Rule

Sub-appellate wines are handled very much like appellate wines, with one more level of strictures.  The 85% rule. Where appellate wines need only be 75% of the stated varietal, 100% grown in the stated appellation, sub-appellate wines must be 85% of the stated varietal, 100% grown in the…

Napa Valley vineyard on a sunny day with clouds in the distant horizon

Understanding AVA: 75% Rule

It is commonplace to believe when you buy a Central Valley Cabernet or a Central Valley Zinfandel, that you are getting 100% Cabernet with 100% of the fruit from the Central Valley, or 100% Zinfandel 100% from the Central Valley.  Unfortunately, that is not always the case. Appellation…

Understanding Italy: Abruzzo

The Abruzzo wine region resides due south of Marche along the Adriatic Sea on the east coast of Italy.  Home to possibly the most fun grape name to pronounce: Montepulciano.  One more time, Mon-te-pul-ciano!  Just makes you want to talk with your hands as it rolls off your…

Understanding Italy: Marche

Le Marche wine region in Italy.  Located on the central eastern coast of Italy, and home to Cesare Mondavi (Father of Robert and Peter), this is a region sadly somewhat overshadowed on a global stage by its neighbors Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Abruzzo, and Umbria, yet in no short supply…

Understanding Italy: Alto Adige

Alto Adige, a wine producing region residing in the northernmost reaches of Italy, sitting just due east of the center, and producing a whopping <1% of the country’s wine production, a small, yet world-renowned region for wine production.  The region is known for its Austrian influences not only…

Understanding Italy: Piemonte

Beautiful Piemonte, home to Barolo and Barbaresco.  Well, home to Nebbiolo more correctly.  Take it a step further, home to Barbera, Dolcetto, Moscato, Cortese, and Arneis in addition to other local and international varietals. In addition to a plethora of grape varietals grown in Piemonte, the region produces…

Italian Chianti Classico wine bottles on a shelf

Understanding Italy: Chianti & Chianti Classico

In both Chianti and Chianti Classico, Sangiovese is the main grape.  So what is the difference between the two? No one would fault you if you believed (until reading this) that one is what it is and the other is the more “classic” expression of the wine.  Sorry,…

Cut kitten smelling the top of an opened wine bottle

Open & Closed Wine

More than just pulling the cork out and shoving it back in, open and closed in regards to wine are important terms for describing your experience with the juice. You’ve most likely heard the term “letting the wine open up” at some point in your wine journey.  Opening…

Process of fermentation the pulp from berries for cooking wine

What is Maceration?

Maceration is the process where the skins and juice hang out together after the crushing of wine grapes, and flavor compounds, tannins, and color compounds are leached into the must (juice). Generally speaking (there are always exceptions to the rules) red wines macerate until fermentation is complete.  Sometimes…